Caracterización de la comercialización del servicio de energía eléctrica en Colombia en un entorno de liberalización Characterization of the electrical power in Colombia in a liberation context
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A partir de la década de los 80, se inicia en Europa la tendencia a liberalizar el mercado de la energía eléctrica. Colombia adopta la misma tendencia en los años 90, con los principales objetivos de aumentar la eficiencia en la prestación del servicio y reducir el precio del mismo para el usuario final. Este proceso implica cambios en la forma de producir y comercializar el servicio, en las reglas por las cuáles se rige la industria, en los actores presentes en el mercado y en el comportamiento del consumidor. Este artículo muestra, mediante una descripción de mercado, el estado actual de la comercialización del servicio de energía eléctrica en el país, cuando, dentro del proceso de liberalización, aún no se ha llegado a una desregulación completa, y sustenta que, si bien no hay monopolio, la participación de mercado de generación y comercialización está concentrada en unas pocas empresas.
Since the decade of the 80s, begins in Europe the trend to liberalize the electricity market. Colombia adopts the same trend in the 90s, with the main objectives to increase efficiency in service delivery and reduce its price to the end user. This article shows, by describing market, the current state of marketing electricity service in the country when, in the process of liberalization has not yet come to a complete deregulation, and sustains that, although not no monopoly market share of generation and supply is concentrated in a few companies.
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