DOI: https://doi.org/10.22431/25005227.1411
Published: 2026-11-10

Clima organizacional y discriminación laboral en salud pública: Colombia y Chile Organizational Climate and Workplace Discrimination in Public Health: Colombia and Chile

Main Article Content

How to Cite

Sánchez Alvarado, B. S., Lis Gutiérrez, J. P. ., & Niño Zambrano, F. A. . (2026). Organizational Climate and Workplace Discrimination in Public Health: Colombia and Chile. Administración & Desarrollo, 56(2), e-1411. https://doi.org/10.22431/25005227.1411

Problemática: el desempeño en las entidades públicas de salud depende de factores organizacionales, psicosociales y tecnológicos cuya interacción comparativa ha sido poco estudiada en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: comparar la discriminación laboral, el clima organizacional y la transformación digital en el sector público de salud de Colombia (EDI-DANE 2023-2024) y Chile (ENFP 2023). Metodología: análisis secundario con enfoque cuantitativo comparativo. Para Colombia, se evaluaron 1.270 registros de cuatro entidades mediante regresión lineal con errores estándar HC3 y bootstrap. Resultados: para Chile, se sistematizaron indicadores agregados de la ENFP 2023 ($n = 26.677$). Ambos casos reflejan alta satisfacción laboral; sin embargo, Colombia registra una mayor prevalencia de discriminación laboral (27,1 %) que Chile (17 %). Conclusión: constituye la primera comparación sistemática entre Colombia y Chile sobre los determinantes del desempeño institucional percibido en salud, integrando discriminación, clima organizacional y gobernanza digital en un modelo explicativo. Contribución/originalidad: genera evidencia empírica para respaldar el diseño de estrategias de gestión pública enfocadas en el desempeño institucional, el bienestar laboral y la gobernanza digital.

Keywords:
desempeño institucional, liderazgo, satisfacción laboral, sector público, gestión comparativa

Problem Statement: Institutional performance in public healthcare entities is conditioned by organizational, psychosocial, and technological factors whose comparative interaction has been little studied in Latin America.
Objective: To compare workplace discrimination, organizational climate, and digital transformation in the public health sector of Colombia (EDI-DANE 2023–2024) and Chile (ENFP 2023).
Methodology: A secondary analysis using a comparative quantitative approach. For Colombia, 1,270 records from four national health entities were analyzed using linear regression with HC3 and bootstrap standard errors.
Results: For Chile, aggregate indicators from the ENFP 2023 (n = 26,677) were systematized. High job satisfaction was found in both cases; however, Colombia presents a higher prevalence of workplace discrimination (27.1%) than Chile (17%).
Conclusion: This study constitutes the first systematic comparison between Colombia and Chile regarding the determinants of perceived institutional performance in health, integrating workplace discrimination, organizational climate, and digital governance into an explanatory model.
Originality/Contribution: Generates empirical evidence supporting the design of public management strategies focused on institutional performance, workplace well-being, and digital governance.

Keywords:
institutional performance, leadership, job satisfaction, public sector, comparative management

Brigid Stefanie Sánchez Alvarado, University of La Salle

Registered Nurse, specialist in Healthcare Auditing, and Master in Quality and Integrated Management, certified as an ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and ISO 45001 auditor by ICONTEC. She has over 15 years of experience in the healthcare sector leading processes in management, auditing, quality assurance, regulatory licensing, accreditation, and continuous quality improvement within healthcare provider institutions, as well as extensive experience coordinating clinical services and nursing practicum programs. Concurrently, she has established a university teaching career spanning more than five years across undergraduate and postgraduate programs, instructing courses in research methodology, care management, healthcare quality, and health services administration.

She is currently a Doctoral Candidate in Business Administration (DBA) at Universidad de La Salle (Colombia), where she conducts research on organizational management and institutional performance in the healthcare sector, with a focus on organizational climate, leadership, human resources, and service quality. Her research lines focus on health administration, quality and patient safety, organizational behavior, digital transformation, public health, nursing education, and quantitative methods applied to research. She has authored and co-authored several scientific articles published in and submitted to national and international indexed journals, consolidating an academic output aimed at generating empirical evidence to strengthen management and quality in healthcare systems.

Jenny Paola Lis Gutiérrez, University of La Salle

Ph.D. in Industry and Organizations, Universidad Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.

Fabio Andrés Niño Zambrano, University of La Salle

Master’s in Organizational Management, Universidad de La Salle, Colombia.


Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Dimensions

PlumX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Visitas

26

References

Almeida, M., Melo, P., y Ferreira, A. C. (2020). Job satisfaction among healthcare workers: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), Article 2749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082749

Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., y Walker, R. M. (2006). Subjective and objective measures of organizational performance: An empirical exploration. En G. A. Boyne, K. J. Meier, L. J. O'Toole y R. M. Walker (Eds.), Public service performance: Perspectives on measurement and management (pp. 14-34). Cambridge University Press.

Bakker, A. B., y Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. (2022). Gestión para resultados en el desarrollo en gobiernos subnacionales: Avances y desafíos en América Latina y el Caribe. BID. https://doi.org/10.18235/0004408

Bass, B. M., y Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2.ª ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Boyne, G. A. (2002). Concepts and indicators of local authority performance: An evaluation of the statutory frameworks in England and Wales. Public Money y Management, 22(2), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00299

Brewer, G. A., y Selden, S. C. (2000). Why elephants gallop: Assessing and predicting organizational performance in federal agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), 685-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024287

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2022). Panorama social de América Latina 2021. CEPAL. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/47718

Cortázar, J. C., Lafuente, M., y Sanginés, M. (Eds.). (2014). Al servicio del ciudadano: Una década de reformas del servicio civil en América Latina (2004-13). BID. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000307

Cortina, L. M. (2008). Unseen injustice: Incivility as modern discrimination in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.27745097

Cummings, G. G., MacGregor, T., Davey, M., Lee, H., Wong, C. A., Lo, E., Muise, M., y Stafford, E. (2010). Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(3), 363-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.08.006

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., y Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499

Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. (2024). Encuesta sobre Ambiente y Desempeño Institucional Nacional (EDI) — Microdatos 2023-2024. https://www.dane.gov.co

Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S., y Tinkler, J. (2022). Digital era governance: IT corporations, the state, and e-government (2.ª ed.). Oxford University Press.

Fitzgerald, L. F., Cortina, L. M., y Dhanani, L. Y. (2021). Exposure to workplace mistreatment among healthcare workers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(4), 329-343. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000280

Función Pública. (2023). Modelo Integrado de Planeación y Gestión (MIPG): Guía para la implementación. Departamento Administrativo de la Función Pública. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/mipg

Gómez Caicedo, M. I., Alarcón Villamil, R. A., y Gaitán-Angulo, M. (2022). Desempeño institucional y gestión pública: Análisis desde el Modelo Integrado de Planeación y Gestión. Administración & Desarrollo, 52(1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.22431/25005227.vol52n1.4

Grissom, J. A., Egalite, A. J., y Lindsay, C. A. (2021). How principals affect students and schools: A systematic synthesis of two decades of research. Wallace Foundation. https://www.wallacefoundation.org/principalsynthesis

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., y Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376

Krieger, N. (2014). Discrimination and health inequities. International Journal of Health Services, 44(4), 643-710. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.44.4.b

Liacoviello, M., y Strazza, L. (2014). Diagnóstico del servicio civil en América Latina. En J. C. Cortázar, M. Lafuente y M. Sanginés (Eds.), Al servicio del ciudadano: Una década de reformas del servicio civil en América Latina (pp. 13-57). BID.

Longo, F. (2004). Mérito y flexibilidad: La gestión de las personas en las organizaciones del sector público. Paidós.

Mauro, M., Noto, G., Prenestini, A., y Sarto, F. (2024). Digital transformation in healthcare: Assessing the role of digital technologies for managerial support processes. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 209, Article 123781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123781

Meier, K. J., y O'Toole, L. J. (2002). Public management and organizational performance: The effect of managerial quality. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10060

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. (2023). Digital Government Index 2023. https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government

Ospina, S., y Yaroni, A. (2003). Understanding cooperative behavior in labor-management cooperation: A theory-building exercise. Public Administration Review, 63(4), 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00310

Oszlak, O. (2020). La burocracia estatal latinoamericana: Desafíos en tiempos de pandemia. Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia, (77), 5-44.

Pascoe, E. A., y Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531-554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016059

Rhoades, L., y Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698

Rondón, M., Restrepo, J., y Vargas, C. (2021). Clima laboral y bienestar del talento humano en entidades de salud en Colombia. Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, 20(1), e00128. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.rgps20.1

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., y Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two-sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326

Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., y Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 361-388. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809

Schuster, C., Fuenzalida, J., Rojas Wettig, M., Mikkelsen, K. S., Naranjo Bautista, S., y Meyer-Sahling, J. (2024). Encuesta nacional de funcionarias y funcionarios públicos de Chile 2023: Hacia una función pública más inclusiva, meritocrática y motivada. BID. https://doi.org/10.18235/0012902

Servicio Civil de Chile. (2023). Informe de gestión del Sistema de Alta Dirección Pública 2022. Dirección Nacional del Servicio Civil. https://www.serviciocivil.cl/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Informe-Gestion-SADP-2022.pdf

Van Wart, M. (2013). Lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders. Public Administration Review, 73(4), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12069

Vargas, C., Obando, I., y Castillo-Parra, H. (2019). Gestión del talento humano y desempeño institucional en hospitales colombianos. Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, 18(37), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.rgps18-37

Williams, D. R., y Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0

Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2.ª ed.). MIT Press.

Zhang, Y., Liu, G., Zhang, L., Xu, S., y Cheung, M. W. L. (2021). Psychological safety and employee voice: The moderating role of support for voice. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 36(4), 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-10-2019-0556

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The authors transfer the patrimonial rights of their article to the Escuela Superior de Administración Pública - ESAP, while retaining the moral rights to their works. Articles in the journal Administración & Desarrollo are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike Attribution License that allows third parties to copy, reproduce, distribute, publicly communicate the work, and create derivative works, provided that the original author is cited and acknowledged, the first publication in this journal is indicated, the work is not used for commercial purposes, and the distribution of derivative works is done under a license of the same type.

The CC BY-NC-ND license was previously used, but it was changed to CC BY-NC-SA.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.