METHODOLOGY FOR THE ORIENTATION OF LABOR, PRODUCTIVE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INCLUSION OF THE “PIMPINERA” POPULATION OF IPIALES, PUPIALES AND GUALMATÁN

INTRODUCCIÓN

Within the framework of the project “Diagnosis and formulation of an intervention proposal for the population that distributes fuel without complying with legal requirements” carried out by the Ministry of Mines and Energy -Minenergía- with the technical assistance of the International Labor Organization -ILO - The phase of articulation with key and strategic actors is executed in eleven prioritized territories, of which three are located in the Department of Nariño, these are Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán.

The ILO has signed with the Mariana University -operating entity- the service contract No. 40322971 / 0 with the objective of developing an investigation on the population that is dedicated to the distribution of liquid fuels without observing the legal norms in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán of the Department of Nariño, based on, among other exercises, the articulation with territorial entities and the calling and targeting of people to conclude in the preparation of their initial portfolios for a future intervention.

The aforementioned service contract commits two major activities: the first is related to accompanying the ILO in the processes of targeting and convening “Pimpineros” in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán, with the support and reference of local actors and the ILO external collaboration; and the second has to do with the establishment, design and implementation of methodologies, tools and information capture instruments with their respective tests that allow the construction of initial portfolios of the “Pimpineros” identified for the development of profiling and preparation of portfolios.

METHODOLOGY

To design the methodology, the object of the investigation and the systematic analysis of the information collection processes and subsequent characterization of the population through portfolios were considered, for which four phases were outlined.

In this way, it was developed through four phases: awareness, diagnosis, information analysis and Inclusion (See Figure 1).

Figure 1: Methodological route by phases for labor, productive and entrepreneurial inclusion.

Source: ILO-UMARIANA Team (2020).

To develop the research on the population that is dedicated to the distribution of liquid fuels without observance of the legal norms in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán of the department of Nariño, 140 people were focused and the four methodological phases will be developed (See figure two.)

Figure 2: Flow chart research methodological phases.

Source: ILO-UMARIANA Team (2020).

SENSITIZATION PHASE:

Considering the current situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are different challenges to locate and interact with people to carry out studies in situ. In this way, the total reported population that distributes liquid fuels without observing the legal norms is 430 “pimpineros”, in the activity focused on the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán.

Convening difficulties arise, for the reason stated above and because, unlike other contexts, the population is dispersed and tries to maintain anonymity due to the situation that its activity represents, in this sense through the leaders of These communities have offered to serve as intermediaries to be able to provide information and re-contact people who want to participate in the investigative exercise.

Likewise, it was possible to provide the logistics for the application of the instruments in the different targeted municipalities.

Logistics for intervention to the “pimpinera” population and application of methodological tools for the collection of primary information

Within the framework of the research for the labor and productive inclusion of the “Pimpinera” population in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán - Department of Nariño, which is being carried out by the Mariana University, it is necessary to develop the activities proposed to fulfill the objective of characterizing the population immersed in the problem, based on the targeting and identification for the application of methodological tools, for this it is necessary to prepare the following enlistment plan in the territory:

Population targeting: the process of targeting and identifying the population of people who are dedicated to the distribution and marketing of fuel without complying with legal requirements, started from scratch, therefore, the development of “active search” strategies was used, through references and direct survey by geographical location in the municipalities under investigation.

Identified Population: 448 people identified and whose economic activity is the distribution of fuel without complying with legal requirements in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán in the Department of Nariño.

Sample size: 140 people whose economic activity is the distribution of fuel without complying with legal requirements in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán in the Department of Nariño.

In the design and validation of Instruments, the situation of individual isolation and the biosafety protocols for their implementation were considered, the virtualization of the instruments adapted to Google forms and their application, person to person, were considered. person in print.

In this phase, the validation process of the instruments is presented: 1. Socioeconomic characterization; 2. Labor and productive profiling and identification of individual barriers; and 3. Generic skills.

Socioeconomic: socioeconomic studies are an indispensable tool within the employee selection process in companies or for the development of state programs, in them, those responsible for Human Resources are interested in hiring people committed to the organization and with orientation to results and consider this information for decision-making regarding the development of the company or programs.

One of the main aspects on which the research focuses is knowing the experience. The companies in which you have worked and, in this way, confirm the information you have provided in your resume. Among the points that the socioeconomic study must consider are:

• Identification data: specific information such as name, gender, age, marital status, among others.

• Geographical area: punctuality is key at work, knowing where you live will give recruiters an idea of how much time we spend moving you to the office

• Housing conditions: this indicator helps to measure the economic stability of the candidate, which is related to job rotation

• Academic training: it is important to check information such as certificates obtained, years studied or any change of institution, this to corroborate your skills and assess whether your profile is suitable for the position

• Employment references: this information helps to evaluate your performance in previous jobs, which allows to measure your compatibility with the company and predict your performance in the position to which you aspire. o

Considering the previous information, the first instrument was designed with the pertinent data and adapted the instrument provided by the ILO and the Free University, to which adaptations were made according to the characteristics and the context of the Nariñense region, as well as to the validity criteria for its application in situ.

Table 1: Description socioeconomic instrument.

Source: ILO-UMARIANA Team (2020).

Labor and productive profile and identification of individual barriers

This is a characterization that contains three variables, the first identifies individual individual characteristics against the lines of labor and entrepreneurship; For this, psychometric tests are applied that allow perceiving interpersonal intelligence (relationships with the other); Conflict resolution; Stress management and self-esteem: which is based on self-concept, self-efficacy, self-control. The second variable is the work profile and entrepreneurship, in this it can be perceived towards which of the two options there is an attitude towards the needs and expectations of the subject of study. Finally, the third variable is the individual barriers, which are the internal and external agents to the expectations of the individual under study: internally, disabilities, and lack of attitudes towards work and entrepreneurship, externally they are perceived as barriers. the financial part, the educational level and the ability to acquire technology or materials for work.

The second instrument of labor and productive profiling and identification of individual barriers

has 36 items distributed in 6 sessions (See table 2).

Table 2: Labor and productive profiling and identification of individual barriers.

Source: ILO-UMARIANA Team (2020).

Generic skills: are those that help to effectively develop a job in general, as opposed to specific skills, which are related to the specific tasks of a profession. The Ministry of National Education of Colombia has undertaken as part of its strategies to establish common references that guarantee the quality of training in our country, as well as the articulation of the different levels of education: initial, basic, middle and higher.

As part of this work, in 2008 the Ministry convened renowned members of the academic community to encourage reflection on the set of generic skills that are adjusted to the characteristics and needs of our social and cultural context, but also to the broader framework of the international scene. As a result of these reflections, the convened academic group identified four generic competences for higher education: communication in the mother tongue and another international language; Mathematical Thinking; citizenship; and science, technology and information management.

With the formulation of these four generic competences, it is sought to respond to the needs of the globalized world, in which distances have been shortened by means of communication and transportation, economic and labor frontiers tend to blur, and education increasingly seeks the internationalization of knowledge, professions, qualifications and labor markets becomes stronger. Without neglecting, of course, the relevance to the local context, for which these competencies also constitute a source of development, so that their implementation will contribute to improving the quality of training and its international projection.

Third instrument of generic competences, it consists of 27 items that evaluate the competences in Social Sciences, Citizenship Competences, Spanish Language, Mathematics, English and Technology competences (See table 3).

Table 3: Generic competences.

Source: ILO-UMARIANA Team (2020). Link:3. Generic Competencies / https://forms.gle/A43MFMkHzFRHtVXJ6

Analysis Phase

Targeted population distribution by municipality: Times and movements

To develop activities in the territories under investigation, a distribution system has been designed by targeted groups concentrated in a single physical space, in order to somehow avoid traveling to homes or places of residence and in response to biosecurity protocols due to the current pandemic caused by the presence of Covid 19.

Below is a list of the distribution of activities in the field, involving the municipalities where the sample was collected; the number of people targeted by each of the territories; the number of instruments (methodological tools) to apply on the suggested dates and times; and the duration of the interviews.

Aspects to consider:

• The groups of people to be interviewed are organized in a number of 8 for each hour, with intervals of 20 minutes that will be taken at the end of the interviews, time in which the next one will be prepared

• The people to whom the instruments will be applied will also be informed by telephone, the procedure is the same

• The researchers and co-managers during days 1 and 2 will be in the municipality of Ipiales in its entirety, on day 3 4 researchers will travel to the municipalities of Pupiales and Gualmatán, which will be determined at the discretion of the project coordinator

• The time that will be used for the application of the methodological instruments should not be more than 40 minutes per interview

• For the realization and application of the instruments, there must be at least one computer equipment for each researcher, data and cell phone available, in order to collect the information in a more agile and efficient way, since a number has been assigned. of 6 interviews by each researcher for each day

After data collection. In this phase, an analysis of the socioeconomic aspect will be carried out with the variables to establish the identity, location, type of housing, economic stratum and their perceptions about their current employment situation and their expectations in the face of a change towards legality, for the analysis there are some items that are punctual for the characterization, others that guarantee the vertical reliability of the instrument and others that are correlational that will allow them to be related to the other two instruments, the second instrument will allow the profiling for inclusion in the labor and productive business in this part, a first part is made that is descriptive against the aptitudes in the two possibilities and a second part against psychological aptitudes (Besolan, 200) mentions that, in interpersonal intelligence (relationships with the other); conflict resolution; stress management and self-esteem is based on self-concept, self-efficacy, self-control.

Finally, the results in the evaluation of generic competences are articulated to the analysis, which was adapted from the booklets of the tests to know applied to the fifth grades of primary school, this according to the studies carried out on the border that point to 50% of illiteracy, this was corroborated in the competence maps, crossed with the levels of study and the control items in the three instruments.

In this sense, the socio-occupational orientation is necessary throughout life. Guidance needs change depending on the historical moment in the life of each person, the changes that occur and the decisions they face. Joaquim Casal and other researchers (2006) identify these moments as occupational transitions, about which there are three fundamental aspects to take into account: (i) The social context, that is, the set of existing socio-historical conditions, (ii) the structural determinations understood as the system of institutions that support the transition, (for example: the educational system, the productive system, the employment access system, the associative fabric, among others) and (iii) social insertion strategies, that is, the different mechanisms of action that individuals use to enter the world of training and work according to their aptitudes, attitudes and decisions.

From the above, the orientation routes that were presented in the socio-occupational-vocational informative coaching are complemented.

Business Information-Entrepreneurship

Occupational Information

Products

1. Labor inclusion line: 1. Labor profiling, which includes the identification and analysis of domain competencies, the socioeconomic characterization and the analysis of the participants’ resumes with the databases with contact information, description of family composition, access to public services, access to social security, among others. And this must be supported with the registration forms of each person duly completed. 2. Vocational and socio-occupational orientation processes. 3. Results of the evaluation of key competencies and 4. Identification of conventional and non-conventional individual barriers to access to employment, which could be addressed in the future within the framework of the gap closing strategy

2. Productive inclusion line: 1. Profiling that includes the identification and analysis of domain competencies associated with entrepreneurship, the socioeconomic characterization and the analysis of the resume of the productive units and 2. Identification of conventional and non-conventional individual barriers of access to entrepreneurship, which could be addressed in the future within the framework of the closing gaps strategy

With the above, it was possible to specify the type of design, sampling, statistical techniques and instruments used for the collection of information. As well as the bioethical considerations for the study and the administrative act of the bioethical endorsement.

Results

Immediate actions

1. Carry out face-to-face workshops with the “Pimpinera” population to raise awareness among the population about the problem and motivate them to join the process of socioeconomic characterization, vocational and socio-occupational orientation, evaluation of initial key competencies, and the identification of conventional and unconventional individual barriers to access to employment

2. Support the ILO territorial team -External Collaborators- in community outreach scenarios and awareness days

3. Lead the primary information management sessions through the “Pimpineros” and the correct methodological application to achieve its characterization and profiling for future interventions

4. Establish, in effective coordination with the External Collaboration of the ILO in Nariño, the methodology, the tools and instruments for capturing information and the tests that allow the construction of at least one hundred and thirty initial portfolios of the “Pimpineros” focused and summoned in the first phase of rapprochement in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán

5. Develop the logistics exercise with a social cohesion approach that allows the implementation of the primary information capture methodology, systematization, validation, and construction of at least one hundred and thirty portfolios of identified and profiled people in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales, and Gualmatán

6. Prepare a report with the respective conclusions and recommendations that relate, on the one hundred and thirty people identified and profiled, the possibilities of labor or productive inclusion

Discussion

Characteristics of the information capture tools and instruments for the labor inclusion line.

The line of labor inclusion arises from the analysis of the relationship of the Items of the Socioeconomic Form of Labor Information with 6 Items with nominal data such as: 25. Indicate the training courses for the job you have completed, and the type of certification received. - (Course/Name of the Institution/Type of certification/Hours) If you have a certificate or learned empirically; 26. In which of the following sectors do you consider there are more job opportunities? ECONOMIC SECTOR; 28. Have you received and/or are you receiving training other than those mentioned above? In Other- Indicate the training area, the institution, and the hour intensity. and 29. If you are willing to train, as a tool that allows you a better employment option. Please indicate the area of training, the institution and the number of hours per week that you would be available to study? These items allow us to relate work experience, training in the labor field and expectations regarding the possibility of working in something other than work outside the legality of pimpinero.

In addition, there are ordinal data such as: 27. In which of the following sectors would you be interested in working? ECONOMIC SECTOR and 24. Since he began his working life; What occupations or trades have you held? Under what category and for how long? -Remember: it is important to point out and start by inquiring about the current occupation. (Name of the Company, Entity or Person (when it is independent) / Occupation or Trades performed / Description / Occupational Position / Months).

The other instrument used is profiling with open questions that allows analysis of nominal data on items 4. What would you like to work on? Why? 5. Do you consider that you have the skills required to carry out this work? 6. In the last year, have you applied for a job? To which? and 7. What are the aspects that you give most importance to when looking for a job?

These items, with qualitative and quantitative information, allow us to profile the individual object of study in a particular way, with data that are recurrent against the possibilities of the context, this relating training levels, socioeconomic level, educational, financial barriers, soft psychotechnical skills and generic skills that, from a socio-occupational orientation, account for the real job possibilities of the individual to be able to opt for job inclusion at the micro-social level (Sautu, 2003:31), which could incorporate concepts related to willingness or need to work of these and the discriminatory behavior of the labor demand that incorporates them in certain occupations and not in others. These substantive perspectives would make it possible to define some key concepts in the research and the relationship between them, which would in turn make it possible to make clear the relationship between variables (TRAINING, ECONOMIC SITUATION, WORK EXPERIENCE, SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES) present in the analysis model of the three instruments.

Characteristics of the tools and instruments for capturing information for productive business inclusion

The line of business productive inclusion also arises from the analysis of Socioeconomic Instrument 1 of session III. ORIENTATION AND PROSPECTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP with 5 items: 30. In addition to the sale of gasoline, have you carried out another business initiative? 31. Does this business initiative currently persist? Closing reason; 32. Would you be interested in undertaking a business idea other than the sale of gasoline? / Why? / Other type of activity; 33. Have you executed actions to undertake that business idea? / Which? 34. Which of the following aspects do you consider necessary to resume and/or efficiently develop said initiative? and 35. How is your relationship with other gasoline/fuel sellers? (good/regular/bad) / Why? These items are of a nominal nature and together with the questions of Instrument 2 of inclusion profiling if you wish to undertake with 4 Items: 8. Have you ever tried to start your own business? Which? Why? 9. What type of business would you like to start? Why? 10. What would you be willing to train for such work? 11. Do you have any resources to start your own business? intangibles).

These items allow us to understand what the perspectives are regarding entrepreneurship and what the experiences are if they have already ventured into this line, and like the labor aspect, they are related to barriers, soft skills, generic skills, socioeconomic level and entrepreneurial skills. such as creativity, in the micro-social context, it must be understood that there is rootedness in the customs of the region due to commercialization as it is a border area and the undertakings are linked to this idiosyncrasy, so it is necessary to consider when our objective performs a micro social cut of reality (Chomsky, 2004). In this sense, the perceptions of the individual object of study, of wanting to be compared to what he does, is somehow subjective compared to what he can be. Focusing on the psychotechnical, in interactions, interpretations and subjective experiences, the items allow us to characterize the need of the Pimpinero to want to undertake.

Validation of the methodology through the tests or activities of the research group

The validation of the instruments was carried out through three moments that we describe below:

The 1. documentary and theoretical moment: it consisted of checking if the proposed Items marked the elements of the purpose of each one of them, for example, the socioeconomic through the bibliographic review allowed to observe the Items, DANE and the Ministry of Labor, Items in common were found that already allow External validation (see Figure 6).

Figure 6: Sociodemographic analysis components of DANE- MINTRABAJO.

Source: DANE Y Ministry of labor (2017)

2. Practical moment: it is the role-playing exercise of the team to review and apply the instruments, simulating the survey process to determine if the items in the digitized instruments are legible and intelligible to the respondent, as in the role interviewer if they are practical at the time of application and measurement of time. This allowed us to provide feedback on the forms and determine some changes in form and structure in some Items. Likewise, it was possible to perceive a time of 30 minutes per respondent to be able to determine approximately how many respondents could be achieved to develop logistics and apply biosafety protocols that would allow low congestion of people in the place of application.

Finally, moment 3. Validation in the field: it was carried out now of application with the pimpineros in situ, verifying the possibilities of connectivity and monitoring the records of the forms in real time, the connectivity situations were previously foreseen for which a few forms were printed and digitized after application.

According to Hernández and Torres, (2018) the instruments are validated according to their nature and purpose, so that they are based on their purpose in coherence with the methodology and type of research, as well as in their application and usefulness of the research. information received, by documenting the development processes of the same in the proposed research.

In conclusion, three instruments were designed that contained a total of 119 items, which were adapted to be applied virtually and in person if required, to guarantee the collection of information for the purposes of socioeconomically identifying the pimpineros and characterizing the 140 pimpineros in the lines of labor inclusion and productive inclusion- Entrepreneurship.

Conclusions

The identification and targeting of the population with special characteristics such as the “Pimpineros” presented access barriers, both due to their geographical location and their willingness to participate in these characterization processes; It is a population that is always highly prevented by its very situation of illegality, a situation that substantially hinders the processes as such.

In the Nariñense territory and especially in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán there is no database of the “Pimpinera” population, much less, characterization processes that would allow knowing their basic needs and their labor and entrepreneurship profiling, therefore, this progress in the project will allow obtaining and facilitating information on the target population for possible future interventions.

For the development of future actions, the methodological bases of approaching the population must be considered, which have allowed speed and effectiveness when making use of virtual instruments and possible “face-to-face” interviews with the biosafety protocols that merit the COVID-19 pandemic times.

The exercise of social cohesion carried out in the three municipalities will favor, in the long term, the management and implementation of policies that aspire to equalize opportunities for the “Pimpineros” through a “social contract” that gives them strength and continuity. A “contract” of this nature supposes the support of a wide range of actors, willing to negotiate and agree on broad agreements that mitigate or eradicate the problem of the “Pimpineo”.

The population under study shows willingness to participate in processes of interaction with institutions or stakeholders and in spaces for providing information, demonstrating a sense of belonging to the “Pimpinera” community and its solidarity with this population group to facilitate the signing of “pacts” social services necessary to support policies aimed at achieving equity and inclusion.

To achieve progress in social cohesion through social policy instruments in the study municipalities, it can be inferred that it is not enough to determine their suitability, strengthen the capacity of certain local actors, increase the level of social spending and accentuate its efficiency, it is also essential to consolidate the institutions that are in charge of directly or indirectly addressing the problem of the “Pimpineo”.

Finally, it is important to point out that the support process for the development of research and the management of results was carried out, in large part, during the social, economic, and ecological emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. that, on the one hand, makes visible the situation of socioeconomic vulnerability of people who illegally deal in the sale of fuel, and on the other hand, the need to effectively implement strategic actions that allow access to mechanisms for the protection of rights and stability in their vital minimums (food, nutrition, education, health and work).